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Microsoft agreed to buy Activision Blizzard for $68.7 billion on Tuesday, using its vast cash reserves to acquire the company behind blockbuster game franchises such as “Call of Duty,” ”Candy Crush” and “World of Warcraft,” while the Santa Monica firm is being sued by California regulators over allegations of workplace harassment and gender discrimination.
The all-cash deal will be the largest acquisition in Microsoft’s history, if approved by antitrust watchdogs, and would make the Seattle software giant the third-largest gaming company by revenue, behind Japan’s Sony Group and China’s Tencent Holdings.
Activision Blizzard’s share price had dropped nearly 30% over the last six months, after California’s Department of Fair Employment and Housing filed a lawsuit against the firm alleging that senior leaders allowed sexual harassment and pay discrimination to continue unchecked throughout the company for years. A Wall Street Journal investigation in November that showed that Activision Chief Executive Bobby Kotick knew about sexual harassment allegations for years sparked a protest movement among employees, with nearly a fifth of the firm’s 10,000 staffers signing a petition calling for Kotick’s resignation.
Microsoft agreed to pay $95 per share in the merger, nearly 45% above the stock price before the deal was announced, valuing Activision at a premium over its pre-lawsuit price, though below its February 2021 peak above $103 per share. Kotick will retain his role through the merger process, but is expected to leave after the deal is done, according to reporting by Bloomberg.
Microsoft has been on an acquisition spree in recent years, with CEO Satya Nadella looking to invest its $130 billion in cash reserves. In 2020, the company held talks about acquiring TikTok, as the Trump administration pushed the Chinese social video app to sell to an American company, before that deal fell through.
The video game industry has also been booming during the pandemic, with profits driven to new heights as consumers spend more time at home due to COVID-19 precautions, and has seen a number of mergers as studios look to invest. Last week, “Grand Theft Auto” creator Take-Two Interactive announced a deal to buy mobile game company Zynga for more than $11 billion. In 2021, Electronic Arts bought Codemasters, a racing game company, for $1.2 billion, and Microsoft bought Zenimax studios, the company behind “Doom” as well as the “Elder Scrolls” and “Fallout” franchises, for $7.5 billion in 2020.
Microsoft’s video game strategy depends on having exclusive in-house titles to build up its subscription service, Game Pass, for which users to pay a monthly fee to access the company’s catalog of games. Although its games division only brings in 7% of Microsoft’s total revenue — $11.5 billion of $168 billion in 2021 — the subscription business is growing fast. Phil Spencer, Microsoft’s gaming chief, has said that he sees a major growth opportunity in Microsoft’s cloud computing capability, which allows users to stream games on any computer, rather than requiring a powerful desktop machine or Xbox console.
“Players everywhere love Activision Blizzard games, and we believe the creative teams have their best work in front of them,” Spencer said in the announcement. “Together we will build a future where people can play the games they want, virtually anywhere they want.”
Microsoft said that the deal is not expected to close until fiscal 2023, with the expectation that regulators will take some time to examine the antitrust implications of the merger. In an open letter to employees, Activision CEO Kotick wrote, “Microsoft recognizes the commitment to excellence and creative independence that sets us apart, and we anticipate minimal changes for our workforce following the close of the transaction,” and said the company will continue to operate independently of its new parent.
Activision’s stock surged 30% in trading Tuesday on the news of the acquisition, while Microsoft shares dropped more than 2%. Analysts broadly described the deal as a sensible move for Microsoft — and welcome news for Activision employees looking for real change at the company.
“Bobby was probably looking for some sort of exit, and Microsoft happens to be in a position to have the patience and ability to fix it,” said Andrew Uerkwitz, an analyst with Jeffries. “Employees are probably breathing a sigh of relief that they work for Phil [Spencer] now and Bobby’s stepping down.” He noted that Microsoft’s subscription model and scale of operations takes some of the urgency out of hard deadlines.
The newest version of “Halo,” one of the Xbox’s flagship games since its 2001 debut, is a case in point. After the pandemic hit in early 2020, Microsoft made the call to push the game’s release by a full calendar year to allow its developers to adjust to remote work and work through snags in the game’s development. “Activision never would have done that with ‘Call of Duty,’” its flagship title, Uerkwitz said, with the company’s financial performance lashed to tentpole releases.
That newfound flexibility under Microsoft might also allow Activision to revive smaller titles in its back catalog, Uerkwitz said. Just as the steady cashflow and retention model of a subscription user base has allowed Netflix and HBO to fund mid-budget films, the Game Pass model means that “Microsoft doesn’t need only triple-As, they need double-As and smaller titles, and can tap into that catalog to find smaller-scoped games that fit in a subscription service.”
The early-morning news came as a surprise to workers at Activision Blizzard, who expressed mixed feelings about the deal. Jessica Gonzalez, a former employee at the company and organizer with the worker group A Better ABK, which led the effort to push for Kotick’s resignation and an employee walkout last year, said this doesn’t change anything for the group’s objectives.
“A Better ABK will still push towards worker representation, no matter who owns Activision Blizzard,” she said. “Nothing changes organizing efforts, we hope Microsoft will honor employee representation but will move forward either way.”
Gonzalez expressed disappointment at what she described in a tweet as a “golden parachute” for Kotick, whom workers have been calling on to step down for months. If Kotick leaves within 12 months of the acquisition and is not fired for cause, he will receive a total compensation of more than $292 million, according to a compensation chart in the company’s 2021 annual shareholder report.
Xbox creator Seamus Blackley said on Twitter that he was “sickened that the reward for years of despicable practices toward developers seems to be a huge payday for its perpetrators. My hope is that the acquisition will cause the Activision culture to change, and may catalyze some accountability for those who have so far avoided it.”
Unrest at the game company extends beyond the allegations of harassment and discrimination detailed in the California lawsuit. Workers at Raven Software, the Activision division that leads “Call of Duty” development, walked off the job in early December after several members of the quality assurance department were let go at the end of their contracts. Between 70 and 75 workers from Raven and other parts of Activision Blizzard are still on strike.
One of the workers who had been on strike, Alex Dupont, said the news didn’t change much for his colleagues in the short term given the 2023 timeline for the deal.
Dupont resigned last week, saying that he “didn’t want to be with a company that disposes a third of a department and won’t tell those remaining why,” and said he was “a tad wary” of the implications of the deal for working conditions at Activision. He cited Microsoft’s policy of allowing contractors to work only 18 months at a time with six-month breaks in between, a major stumbling block in the development of the game “Halo Infinite,” as a source of concern. He is optimistic, however, about Xbox’s history of buying studios and “giving them a lot of autonomy” in day-to-day operations, he said.
In an early-morning conference call announcing the deal, Microsoft CEO Nadella addressed the workplace issues and ongoing lawsuit directly. “We believe it’s critical for Activision Blizzard to drive forward on its renewed cultural commitments,” Nadella said. “We are supportive of the goal and the work Activision Blizzard is doing, and we also recognize that after close, we will have significant work to do in order to continue to build a culture where everyone can do their best work.”
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